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DOE-HDBK-1109-97
Radiological Safety Training for Radiation-Producing (X-Ray) Devices
Instructor=s Guide
Lesson Plan
Instructor=s Notes
ii. Discovery of Harmful Effects.
Because virtually no protective measures were used
in those early days, it was not long after the
discovery of X-rays before people began to learn
about their harmful effects. X-ray workers were
exposed to very large doses of radiation, and skin
damage from that exposure was observed and
documented early in 1896. In March of that year,
Thomas Edison reported eye injuries from working
with X-rays. By June, experimenters were being
cautioned not to get too close to X-ray tubes. By
the end of that year, reports were being circulated
about cases of hair loss, reddened skin, skin
sloughing off, and lesions. Some X-ray workers
lost fingers, and some eventually contracted cancer.
By the early 1900s, the potential carcinogenic
effect of X-ray exposure in humans had been
reported.
Since that time, more than a billion dollars has been
spent in this country alone on research investigating
the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
National and international agencies have formed to
aid in the standardization of the uses of X-rays to
ensure safer practices.
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