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DOE-HDBK-1109-97
Radiological Safety Training for Radiation-Producing (X-Ray) Devices
Instructor=s Guide
Lesson Plan
Instructor=s Notes
E.
SOMATIC EFFECTS
Somatic effects are biological effects that occur in the
individual exposed to radiation. Somatic effects may
result from acute or chronic doses of radiation.
i.
Early Acute Somatic Effects.
The most common injury associated with the
operation of X-ray analysis equipment occurs when
a part of the body, usually a hand, is exposed to the
primary X-ray beam. Both X-ray diffraction and
fluorescence analysis equipment generate
high-intensity, low-energy X-rays that can cause
severe and permanent injury if any part of the body
is exposed to the primary beam.
The most common injury associated with the
operation of industrial X-ray equipment occurs
when an operator is exposed to the primary X-ray
beam for as little as a few seconds.
These types of injuries are sometimes referred to as
radiation burns.
ii. Difference Between X-Ray Damage and Thermal
Objective 3
Burns (Key Item).
Most nerve endings are near the surface of the skin,
so they give immediate warning of heat or a surface
thermal burn such as the participants might receive
from touching a high-temperature object. In
contrast, the body can not immediately feel
35


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