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|  DOE-HDBK-1130-98
c. Applies only to gamma and X rays.
d. Does not relate biological effects of radiation to the human body.
e.
1 R (Roentgen) = 1000 milliroentgen (mR).
2. Rad (Radiation absorbed dose)
a.
A unit for measuring absorbed dose in any material.
b. Is defined for any material.
c. Applies to all types of radiation.
d. Does not take into account the potential effect that different types of radiation have on the
body.
e.
1 rad = 1000 millirad (mrad).
3. Rem (Roentgen equivalent man)
a.
A unit for measuring dose equivalence.
b. Is the most commonly used unit.
c. Pertains to the human body.
d. Takes into account the energy absorbed (dose) and the biological effect on the body due to
the different types of radiation.
The Quality Factor (QF) is used as a multiplier to reflect the relative amount of biological
damage caused by the same amount of energy deposited in cells by the different types of
ionizing radiation. Rem = rad x QF.
Quality Factors:
alpha
= 20
beta
=1
gamma/x-ray
=1
= 2-11 (depending on the energy)
e.
1 rem = 1,000 millirem (mrem).
4. Radiation dose and dose rate
a.
Radiation dose rate is the dose per time.
b. Example:
12
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