Biological effects of radiation exposure

DOE-HDBK-1130-98

Module 2 Biological Effects

Instructor's Notes

Somatic effects refer to the effects radiation has on

the individual receiving the dose.

Genetic effects refer to mutations due to radiation

EO7 Define the term

damage to the DNA of a cell. When this change is

"heritable effect."

in the DNA of parental reproductive cells, it is called

a heritable effect.

Somatic Effects

Somatic effects can best be described in terms

of prompt and delayed effects as discussed

below.

Prompt Effects

Although rare in the nuclear industry, large

doses are typically acute radiation doses

representing serious overexposures. The

biological effects of large acute doses are as

follows:

Table 2-1

Prompt Biological Effects

Dose (rem)

Effect

0-25

None detectable through

symptoms or routine blood tests.

25-100

Changes in blood.

100-300

Nausea, anorexia.

300-600

Diarrhea, hemorrhage, and

Effects are dependent on

possible death

medical intervention and the

individual.