Module Introduction - hdbk1130cn20067

DOE-HDBK-1130-98

Module 2 Biological Effects

Instructor's Notes

MODULE INTRODUCTION

A. Self Introduction

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Background

B. Module Overview

The fact that ionizing radiation produces biological

damage has been known for many years. We have

gained most of our knowledge of these effects since

World War II.

In this module, we will discuss the potential for biological

effects and risks due to ionizing radiation and put these

potential risks into perspective when compared to other

occupations and daily activities. With this information, it

is hoped that employees will develop a healthy respect for

radiation rather than fear or disregard.

C. Objectives Review

D. Introduction

We know more about the biological effects of ionizing

radiation than most other environmental factors. Rather

than just being able to base our information on animal

studies, we have a large body of information available

regarding exposures to humans. There are four major

groups of people that have been exposed to significant

levels of radiation.

The first group includes early radiation workers, such as

radiologists. These workers received large doses of

radiation before the biological effects were recognized.

Since that time, standards have been developed to protect

workers.

The second group is the more than 250,000 survivors of

the atomic bombs dropped at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Some of these survivors received doses estimated to be

in excess of 50,000 mrem.

The third group includes individuals who have been

involved in radiation accidents.