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DOE-HDBK-6004-99
Appendix C provides a listing of definitions used in this section of the document.
Concept of Operations
The Emergency Management System (EMS) should include a graded approach to emergency
management concepts such as planning, preparedness, and response. "Planning" includes the
development and preparation of emergency plans and procedures and the identification of necessary
personnel and resources to provide an effective response. "Preparedness" includes the training of
personnel, acquisition and maintenance of resources, and exercising of the plans, procedures,
personnel, and resources essential for emergency response.  "Response" represents the
implementation of planning and preparedness during an emergency and involves the effective
decisions, actions, and application of resources that must be accomplished to mitigate consequences
and recover from an emergency.
Operational Emergency Event Classes
Emergencies should be characterized as one of the Operational Emergency classes (e.g., Alert, Site
Area Emergency, or General Emergency). Emergency Action Levels (EALs), the specific criteria
used to recognize and categorize events, should be developed for the spectrum of potential
operational emergencies consistent with the hazards assessment.
Alert
An event in progress or having occurred which involves an actual or potential substantial reduction
of the level of safety of the facility. Limited offsite releases of radioactive materials may occur. For
other toxic materials, offsite releases are not expected to exceed applicable, permissible limits. The
purpose of an Alert level is to assure that onsite and offsite emergency response personnel are
properly advised and available for activation if the situation becomes more serious, to initiate and
perform confirmatory monitoring as required, and to assure appropriate notification of emergency
conditions to the responsible organizations.
Site Emergency
An event in progress or having occurred which involves actual or likely major failures of facility
functions which are needed for the protection of onsite personnel, the public health and safety, and
the environment. Significant releases offsite of radioactive material are likely or are occurring. For
other toxic materials, offsite releases have the potential to exceed applicable permissible limits. The
purpose of the site emergency level is to assure that emergency control centers are manned,
appropriate monitoring teams are dispatched, personnel required for determining onsite protective
measures are at duty stations, predetermined protective measures for onsite personnel are initiated,
and to provide current information and consultation with offsite officials and organizations.
General Emergency
An event in progress or having occurred which involves actual or imminent substantial reduction of
facility safety systems. Releases offsite of radioactive materials are occurring or expected to occur
and exceed allowable limits. Offsite releases of other toxic materials are expected to exceed
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