Dose (Chemical)

DOE-HDBK-XXXX-2005

06/30/2005

detection devices designed so that each serves a particular purpose in allowing physicists to

reconstruct particle events. [Derived from LBL, HEP]

54. DOSE (CHEMICAL). The amount of a substance administered to, taken up by, or assimilated

by an organism. It is often expressed in terms of the amount of substance per unit mass of the

organism, tissue, or organ of concern. [Derived from HL]

55. DOSE (RADIOLOGICAL). A generic term meaning absorbed dose, dose equivalent, effective

dose equivalent, committed dose equivalent, committed effective dose equivalent, or

committed equivalent dose, as defined elsewhere in this glossary. [Derived from 10 CFR

20.1003]

56. DOSE COMMITMENT. The total dose equivalent a body, organ, or tissue would receive

during a specified period of time (e.g., 50 years) as a result of intake (as by ingestion or

inhalation) of one or more radionuclides from a defined release. [Derived from ANSI N343]

57. DOSE EQUIVALENT. A measure of radiological dose that correlates with biological effect

on a common scale for all types of ionizing radiation. Defined as a quantity equal to the

absorbed dose in tissue multiplied by a quality factor (the biological effectiveness of a given

type of radiation) and all other necessary modifying factors at the location of interest. The units

of dose equivalent are the rem and sievert (Sv). [Derived from 10 CFR 20.1003, FGR 11]

58. ECOLOGY. A branch of science dealing with the interrelationships of living organisms with

one another and with their nonliving environment. [Derived from MW, ESTD]

59. ECOSYSTEM. A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an

ecological unit. [EE&S]

60. EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT. The dose value obtained by multiplying the dose

equivalents received by specified tissues or organs of the body by the appropriate weighting

factors applicable to the tissues or organs irradiated, and then summing all of the resulting

products. It includes the dose from radiation sources internal and external to the body. The

effective dose equivalent is expressed in units of rems or sieverts. (See committed dose

equivalent and committed effective dose equivalent.) [Derived from 10 CFR 835.2, 10 CFR

20.1003, DOE 5400.5]

61. EFFLUENT. A waste stream flowing into the atmosphere, surface water, ground water, or

soil. Most frequently the term applies to wastes discharged to surface waters. [Derived from

EPA Terms]

62. ENDANGERED SPECIES. Plants or animals that are in danger of extinction through all or a

significant portion of their ranges and that have been listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service following the procedures outlined in

the Endangered Species Act and its implementing regulations (50 CFR 424). (See threatened

species.)

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