Design Phase

DOE-STD-1012-92

facility.

TAP 2 contains procedures which enable contractors to systematically determine their

training needs, develop and maintain valid task lists, and select tasks to be trained on for

each position or job classification.

TAP 2 recommends that each validated task list be entered into a Task-to-Training Matrix

which allows training to be tracked for each task. This enables the systematic revision of

training due to facility and/or procedural changes.

3.2 Design Phase

Design phase activities include among other things the writing of terminal objectives,

the selection of appropriate training settings, the development of a Training/Evaluation

Standard (TES) for each task selected for training, and the writing of a Training

Development and Administrative Guide (which is a management tool for the administration

of an individual training program). It is during the development of the TES that the bulk of

the tasks are analyzed, enabling objectives written, and decisions made regarding how

training will be conducted and evaluated.

3.2.1 Writing Terminal Objectives

When writing a terminal objective, the training setting must be considered. The

selected setting should be consistent with the task, but balanced against available resources

and facility constraints. Guidance on writing learning objectives is contained in TAP 2 and

the DOE Guide to Good Practices for Developing Learning Objectives.

3.2.2 The OJT Setting

Instructional technologists (designers/developers) should be aware of the potential

advantages and disadvantages of OJT when selecting training settings. Though OJT has its

drawbacks, the advantages normally far outweigh the disadvantages. By knowing the

advantages and how to mitigate the disadvantages, the instructional technologist can make

better training setting selection decisions.

3.2.2.1 Advantages of the OJT Setting. Training takes place in the actual work

environment. This is very significant--the trainee is surrounded with the sights, sounds,

smells, etc., of the job. Nothing is left to the trainee's imagination. The instructor

demonstrates the task at the job site using the same tools and/or equipment the trainee will

use to perform the task. The trainee then practices the task and gains hands-on experience.