Exposure Screening Guidelines for Exposures Evaluated at the Site Boundary.

DOE-STD-3014-96

APPENDIX A

Criteria. A whole body dose of 25 rem (0.25 Sv) is generally accepted as

a dose that will not cause early health effects (that is, health effects that

manifest themselves within a few hours or days of irradiation).

The use of CEDE instead of TEDE may be nonconservative because it

does not include external irradiation, if any. However, the predominant

means of potential exposure at most U.S. nuclear facilities (i.e.,

nonreactor facilities) is through the inhalation of long-lived alpha emitters,

from which there is a very small contribution to external irradiation. In

general, therefore, the use of CEDE is approximately equivalent to the

use of TEDE.

Hazardous material exposure - Emergency Response Planning Guideline

Level 2 (ERPG-2), as established by the American Industrial Hygiene

Association (AIHA).

Basis: The ERPG-2 is "The maximum airborne concentration below

which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to

1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious

health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take

protective action." This guideline has clearly been developed as a

threshold for emergency response and has been used in a number of

regulatory situations (e.g., by agencies that administer the State of

California's Risk Management and Prevention Program). The use of

ERPG-2 also has precedent in DOE's Emergency Management Guide for

Hazards Assessment, where it is chosen as a protective action guideline.

Hazardous materials where ERPG-2 has not been established - the Level

of Concern (LOC) as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), as specified in the 1987 EPA Technical Guidance on

Hazards Analysis (or a successor document).

A-2