Public and Worker Safety Functions.

DOE-STD-6002-96

nature of fusion and the variety of facilities anticipated. Thus, reduction of the amount

and activity of radioactive waste generated is to be considered and documented in

the design, selection of materials, and conduct of operations of a fusion facility.

6. Public and Worker Safety Functions. Because the safety policy in Chapter 2 of DOE-

STD-6002-96 deals with protection of the public and protection of the workers, two

broad categories of safety functions have been identified: public safety functions and

worker safety functions. Public safety functions are the essential characteristics

needed to ensure safety and protection of the public and the environment in opera -

tional states and during and follow ing anticipated operational occurrences and off-

normal conditions (i.e., functions needed to ensure that evaluation guidelines are not

exceeded). Worker safety functions are the essential characteristics needed to

ensure the safety and protection of the workers. Potential hazards at fusion facilities

were identified, and corresponding functions required to control these hazards were

developed. (See Appendix B of DOE-STD-6003-96 for detailed discussion of

hazards.) The resultant functions were evaluated to determine if they were more

likely to be involved with public safety or worker safety.

Because of the large impact facility design has on these hazards and the develop-

mental nature of fusion, only two of the these functions could be identified at this time

as applying to each fusion facility: Confine Radioactive and Hazardous Material, a

public safety function, and Control of Operating Hazards, a worker safety function.

The remaining functions have been identified as "potential safety concerns" if their

failure could threaten the public safety function. The potential safety concerns related

to the public safety function of confining radioactive and hazardous materials follow:

ensure afterheat removal when required;

provide rapid controlled plasma shutdown when required;

control coolant internal energy (e.g., pressurized water, cryogens);

control chemical energy sources (e.g., chemical reactions between plasma facing

components and air or water, chemical reactions between liquid metals and air or

water);

control magnetic energy (e.g., toroidal and poloidal field stored energy); and

limit airborne and liquid discharges from the facility.

Those functions that are involved with worker safety issues were recognized as

being an elaboration of the general worker safety function, "Control Operating

Hazards." They include these three concerns: