Liquids - hdbk11080114

DOE-HDBK-1108-97

Radiological Training for Accelerator Facilities

Student's Guide

Liquids

Liquids subject to activation include:

Cooling water: Cooling water is used for cooling beamline components (activation

products such as tritium, H-3, and wear products from piping).

Oil in vacuum pumps of beam line components.

Cryogenic fluids: Liquid helium and nitrogen are used frequently to cool

components.

Facility Specific (Insert facility-specific information concerning radioactivation.)

Contamination

Materials and activities that could create contamination concerns include:

Surface coating: Surface coating, such as paint or oxidation and/or rust, may present

a contamination problem. Such coatings may be easily removable and may be

present in areas not commonly accessed, such as beam dump vaults.

Compounds: Compounds, such as grease, sealants, gaskets, and anti-seize coatings,

may be activated depending on their composition. During maintenance, these

compounds should be chosen carefully to minimize the production of contamination

if possible. These materials may not be accessible until after components are

disassembled; therefore, the need for carefully planned maintenance activities

involving such compounds should be highlighted.

Impurities: Impurities in cooling water systems can be a source of contamination.

This source may be found in a filter/resin media system.