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|  DOE-HDBK-1105-2002
Radiological Training for Tritium Facilities
Instructor's Guide
Notes
G. Fusion
H + 1 H → 3He + 1 n
2
2
1
2
0
1 mev per fusion
Fusion is the process of two nuclei joining
Show OT 21
together. The energy source in most stars is
H + 1 H → 4He + 1 n
3
2
1
2
0
17 mev per fusion
SOURCES AND USES OF TRITIUM
Show OT 22
How is tritium produced and what is it used for?
Show OT 23
A. Sources of Tritium
Modes of production:
There are three primary sources of tritium in
1. The nitrogen nucleus
our environment. Tritium is present in our
captures a neutron and decays
environment from both man-made and
to tritium and carbon.
natural sources as discussed below. Natural
14
N + 1 n yields
7
0
tritium is indistinguishable from man-made
3
12
H+
C
tritium.
1
6
1.
Natural Sources
Tritium occurs naturally. It is formed
by the reactions between cosmic rays
and the nitrogen in the upper
atmosphere. Nitrogen makes up 80%
2
2
H + 1 H yields
1
of the earths atmosphere.
3
H + 1H
1
1
2. Two hydrogen-2 atoms
Cosmic rays generate approximately 4
(deuterium) combine to form
million curies of tritium per year. With
tritium and normal hydrogen.
tritium being continually produced and
at the same time decaying, the natural
tritium in our environment is about 70
million curies.
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