Radiological Training for Tritium Facilities

• Radiological Training for Tritium Facilities
• This document has been reproduced from the best available copy
• Program Management Guide
• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Instructional Materials Development
• Training Program Standards and Policies
• Instructional Capability and Qualifications
• Selection of Instructors
• Test Administration
• Training Program Development/Change Requests
• Course Description
• Materials Checklist
• Bibliography cont'd
• Instructor's Guide
• Core Course Material
• Course Objectives
• Training Aids
• Lesson Summary
• Course Content
• Properties of Tritium
• Substitution
• Physical Properties
• Beta Energy
• Fusion
• Sources of Tritium cont'd
• Uses of Tritium
• Modes of Exposure and Biological Behaviour of Tritium
• Inhalation
• Absorption
• Medical Treatment
• Engineered Controls
• Administrative Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Personnel Monitoring
• Workplace Monitoring
• Tritium Waste Minimization and Handling
• Minimizing Mixed Waste
• Abnormal Conditions
• Overheads
• Overhead Transparencies
• Overhead 2
• Radiological Training for Tritium Facilities Objectives
• Objectives
• Objectives cont'd
• Outline
• What is Tritium? Properties of Tritium H-3
• All hydrogen atoms have one proton (H)
• The number of neutrons may vary
• Tritium is designated
• Tritium can easily substitute for protium (H)
• Tritium behaves just like hydrogen
• Tritium can from organic compounds
• Tritium can be captured in metallic compound
• Hydrogen/tritium gas may be flammable
• Hydrogen/tritium gas is lighter than air
• Hydrogen/tritium gas rapidly disperses in air
• Hydrogen/tritium gas and tritiated water penetrates through most materials, including gloves
• Tritium Decays by emitting a weak beta particle
• The radioactrive half-life of tritium is 12.3 years
• Fusion of hydrogen and other ligth element isotopes fuels the stars
• Sources of Tritium
• Tritium is Produced naturally by cosmic rays
• Tritium is formed in reactors by ternary fission and activation of light elements
• Environmental tritium from atmospheric testing will be at natural levels by about 2030
• Tritium is used commercially in a variety products
• Tritium is used extensively in biology and medical research
• Tritium is the fuel in fusion reactions
• Modes of Exposure and Biological Behavior of Tritium
• Tritium is Not an external radiation hazard-it is an internal hazard when taken into the body
• The main pathways for uptake for tritium
• Tritiated water vapor is more hazardous than tritium as it is readily incorporated into the body
• Tritiated water can also be absorbed through skin into body water
• Tritium taken into the body is distributed throughout the body
• The biological half-time of tritium is about 10 days
• The elimination of tritium from the body can be increased by increasing water intake
• Radiological Controls
• Engineered controls are preferred over administrative ones
• Larger quantities of tritium are handled engineered contamination sytems
• Airflow should be from areas of LEAST to MOST contamination
• Access controls may also be administrative
• Because of the permeability of tritium, large quantity must be handled air supplied suits
• Monitoring for Tritium
• Your dosimeter is NOT used to monitor tritium dose
• Urinalysis is used to monitor for possible uptakes of tritiuim
• Workplace monitoring for tritium
• Area fixed air monitors and tritium sniffering
• Tritium Spreads easily
• Tritium contamination is detected and measured by taking swipes/smears
• Tritium Waste Minimization and Handling
• Response to Abnormal Conditons
• Lessons Learned
• Summary and Review
• Student's Guide
• Course Objectives
• Properties of Tritium
• Substitution
• Physical Properties
• Beta Energy
• Fusion
• By-Product of Reactor Sources
• Uses of Tritium
• Modes of Exposure and Biological Behavior of Tritium
• Inhalation
• Absorption
• Medical Treatment
• Engineered Controls
• Administrative Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Personnel Monitoring
• Workplace Monitoring
• Tritium Waste Minimization and Handling
• Minimizing Mixed Waste
• Abnormal Conditions
• Concluding Material
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Radiological Training for Tritium Facilities

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