Figures - STD-1128-98master0023

DOE-STD-1128-98

Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Plutonium Facilities

FIGURES

2.1

Principal Modes of Plutonium Production by Neutron Irradiation of Uranium . . . . . . . . . . .

2-2

Atom Ratio of 241Am to 241Pu (t=0) Produced by the Beta Decay of 241Pu as a Function

2.2

of Time Since Chemical Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-9

2.3

Neutron Energy Spectra of Plutonium-Beryllium and Plutonium-Boron Neutron Sources

Compared with a Fission Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-10

2.4

Hazards in Low-Exposure Plutonium Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-27

6.1

Absorbed Surface Dose Rate from Plutonium Dioxide as Measured with an Extrapolation

Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-6

6.2

Energy Dependence of Various TLD-Albedo Dosimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-23

6.3

Response of Electrochemically Etched CR-39 Used in Nuclear Track Dosimeters as a

Function of Neutron Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-23

6.4

Fixed Nuclear Accident Dosimeter Used at Hanford to Help Assess Doses from Criticality

Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-28

6.5

Neutron Energy Spectra as Measured by the Multisphere Spectrometer at 50 cm from

Plutonium Metal, PuO2, and PuF4 Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-32

6.6

Reduction in Photon Dose Rate with Various Shielding Materials at a Distance of 3 cm

from a 100-gram Disk of Plutonium Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-37

6.7

Reduction in Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate for Various Slab Shields for Plutonium

Tetrafluoride Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-38

6.8

Reduction in Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate for Various Slab Shields for Plutonium Oxide

Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-39