Tables

DOE-STD-1128-98

Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Plutonium Facilities

TABLES

2.1

Isotopic Composition of Three Grades of Plutonium: Heat Source, Weapons, and

Reactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-3

2.2

Uses and Availabilities of Plutonium Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-4

2.3

Radioactive Decay Properties of Selected Isotopes and Decay Products, Excluding

Spontaneous Fission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-6

2.4

Specific Activity Decay Heats of Selected Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-7

2.5

Allotropic Forms of Plutonium Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

2.6

Solubilities and Properties of Selected Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2.7

Common Biokinetic Models for Plutonium and Americium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

2.8

Potential Hazards or Damage to Materials from Exposure to Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

2.9

Hazards of Chemicals Used in Processing Plutonium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28

2.10

Storage Recommendations for Plutonium Metal and Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33

Surface Contamination Values, dpm/100 cm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-3

4.1

Urine Bioassay Goals for 239Pu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-4

5.1

239

Fecal Bioassay Goals for Pu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-5

5.2

241

In Vivo Lung Measurement Bioassay Goals for Am as an Indicator of Aged Weapons-Grade

5.3

Plutonium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6

5.4

Example Plutonium Isotope Mixtures Immediately Post-Separation, wt% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

Activity Composition with Age for Reference 6% and 12% 240Pu Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

5.5

Intake Retention Fractions for 239Pu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32

5.6

Plutonium or 241Am Indicator Levels for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36

5.7

Plutonium or 241Am Contamination Levels for Notification of Occupational Medicine

5.8

Physician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36

6.1

Effective Depth of Tissue for Various Organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-2

6.2

Tissue Weighing Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-3

6.3

Radiation Dose Limits for DOE and DOE Contractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-4

6.4

Isotopic Composition of the Plutonium Used in the Extremity Dosimetry Measurements . .

6-8

6.5

Gamma Dose Rates Along an Arm Phantom in Contact with a Steel Can Containing 1 kg of

Plutonium Dioxide in an Uncontaminated Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-9

6.6

Gamma Dose Rates Measured with an Arm Phantom Placed Inside Gloves Dusted with

Plutonium Dioxide Powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

6.7

Spontaneous Fission Neutron Yields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

6.8

Neutron Yields from Alpha-Neutron Reactions for oxides and Fluorides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

6.9

Neutron Yields for Trace Impurities in Plutonium and Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18

6.10

Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25

6.11

Photon Dose Rates at 2 Meters from Cylinders of Plutonium Containing 1 kg of Plutonium

at 5 Years After Chemical Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36

6.12

Isotopic Composition of Plutonium Sources at 5 Years After Chemical Separation of the

Plutonium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37

7.1

Subcritical, Single Parameter Limits for Plutonium Solutions and Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-5

8.1

Waste Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-2

8.2

Treatability Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-3

8.3

Interim Recommendations for Storage of Plutonium Metal and Plutonium Oxide at

Department of Energy Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21