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Page Title: Ignition Temperatures and Pyrophoricity of Plutonium, Its Alloys, and Its Compounds
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DOE-STD-1128-98
Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Plutonium Facilities
Table 2.9. (continued)
Sodium nitrite
7632-00-0
--
NaNO2
CAS No.(b)
Chemical Name
Hazard
Formula
Stannous chloride
7772-99-8
--
SnCl2
Sulfamic acid
5329-14-6
Corrosive
NH2SO3H
Sulfuric acid
7664-93-9
Corrosive, poison
H2SO4
Tri-n-butyl phosphate
126-73-8
Flammable liquid
(C4H7O)3PO4
Urea
57-13-6
--
CO(NH2)2
Uranium (metal)
--
Flammable
U
Zinc chloride
7646-85-7
--
ZnCl2
Soltrol 170 Phillips 66
68551-19-9
Flammable liquid
(Mixture C10C14
isoparafins)
Carbon tetrafluoride
75-73-0
--
CF4
(a) Refer to Material Safety Data Sheets for complete discussion of hazards.
(b) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number.
The corrosion or oxidation of plutonium does not always occur in a linear or
predictable manner. The oxidation rate is a complex function of the surrounding
atmosphere, the moisture content, and the alloys or impurities present in the
metallic plutonium.4
2.6.3.2 Ignition Temperatures and Pyrophoricity of Plutonium, Its Alloys, and Its
Compounds
Plutonium and some of its alloys and compounds are pyrophoric. Pyrophoric
material is a liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external
ignition source, can ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact with air
(NFPA Fire Protection Handbook). Pyrophoric plutonium metal has been
defined as "that metal which will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of
150C (320F) or below in the absence of external heat, shock, or friction"
(Stakebake, 1992).5 Finely divided plutonium metal would be considered
pyrophoric while massive plutonium would be nonpyrophoric. Martz et al.
4
See Wick (1967), Coffinberry and Miner (1961), and Kay and Waldron (1966) for details on the oxidation of unalloyed plutonium and the
stabilized alloy of plutonium.
5
Also in DOE/DP-0123T, Assessment of Plutonium Storage Safety Issues at Department of Energy Facilities (DOE, 1994a).
2-29


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