Design Objectives - STD-1128-98master0233

DOE-STD-1128-98

Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Plutonium Facilities

8.3.1 Design Objectives

One of the principal means of minimizing solid waste is to minimize the area that becomes

contaminated by plutonium and to ensure that all surfaces contaminated by plutonium are

readily cleanable.

Glove boxes are often used to contain contamination and permit work in minimal protective

clothing that can be reused to minimize waste volumes. By assuring that these are in

isolated areas that are covered with easily cleanable materials and maintained at negative

pressure with respect to the rest of the facility, waste is minimized even during minor

accidents.

The choice of surface materials is extremely critical. For example, concrete floors will

become impregnated by plutonium particulates or solutions and will require fixatives or

scabbing to control contamination. Relatively large quantities of solid waste will be

generated when facilities are decommissioned or major modifications are done. Conversely,

electropolished stainless steel is easily cleaned, even to releasable levels generating only

small quantities of TRU waste.

Choosing components that can be easily maintained rather than totally replaced may also be

an effective strategy at minimizing waste. Whenever possible, choose equipment for which

high-maintenance components can be located outside of contaminated areas. For example,

many mixers, saws, and other such components have been adapted so that the motor is

located outside the glove box where it can be maintained or replaced without concern for

contamination status, while the working or tool end operates in a contaminated environment.

8.3.2 Operational Controls

Operational controls for waste-management purposes in plutonium facilities serve two

distinct purposes: waste volume reduction (waste minimization) and waste classification

control. Each of these is discussed briefly below. Operational controls to reduce the

probability of accidents or minimize their consequences are also important but are not

directly addressed as part of waste management.

8.3.2.1 Waste Minimization

Plutonium facilities should have a waste minimization program. The objective of a

waste minimization program is the cost-effective reduction in the generation and

disposal of hazardous, radioactive, and mixed waste. The preferred method is to

reduce the total volume and/or toxicity of hazardous waste generated at the source,

which minimizes the volume and complexity for waste disposal.

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