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DOE-STD-1136-2004
Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Uranium Facilities
3.3.2 Conduct of Operations
The organization and administration of operations should ensure a high level of performance in
DOE facility operations is achieved through effective implementation and control activities.
Administration of operations activities should recognize that protection of the environment, maintaining a
high-quality safety program and productivity are compatible goals. DOE policies and standards describe
the standards of excellence under which the facility is expected to operate. Clear lines of responsibility for
normal and emergency conditions must be established. Effective implementation and control of operating
activities are achieved primarily by having readily accessible written standards for operations, periodical
monitoring and assessment of performance, and personnel accountability for performance. For a more
detailed discussion, see DOE Order 5480.19, Ch.2, Conduct of Operations Requirements for DOE
Facilities (DOE 2001a).
A high level of performance in DOE operations is accomplished by management establishing
high operating standards and then by communicating the operating standards to workers by providing
sufficient resources to the operations department, ensuring personnel are well trained by closely
monitoring performance in operations, and holding workers and their supervisors accountable for their
performance in conducting activities.
Senior management establishes operating standards, considering input from workers when
appropriate. Working- level personnel will more strongly support the standards when they have had
appropriate input into their development. Standards should define operating objectives, establish expected
performance levels, and clearly define responsibilities in plant operations. Standards for operating activities
should be integrated into operations department procedures and programs. Operating standards should also
be communicated to workers by training them in operating practices and by having supervisors monitor and
guide work involving facility operations. Sufficient staff, facilities, equipment, and funding should be
allocated to permit the operations department to effectively perform its functions. Performance in
operations should be closely monitored by facility management, preferably using operating reports and
goals, so the performance of the operations department can be effectively measured. Operations personnel
should be held accountable for their performance through supervisor counseling, performance appraisals,
and, when necessary, disciplinary measures. Remedial training should be provided when appropriate.
The radiological control organization, as a support element, must ensure that all aspects of radiation
safety are considered in the establishment of operations standards and policy. A well- instituted cooperative
relationship between operations and radiological control is paramount to the health and safety of workers
and the public and to protection of the environment.
A uranium facility should have a written policy on radiation protection, including an ALARA
policy. All radiation protection procedures and controls should have recognizable or formal technical bases
for limits, methods, and personnel protection standards. Procedures should be adequately documented,
updated periodically, and maintained in a centralized historical file. A control system should be established
to assure all copies are accounted for and all new procedures are included in the historical files. A
designated period of time for holding the historical files should be established. ANSI N13.6-1989 (ANSI,
1966) provides guidance on historical files. In addition, radiological control procedures should have a
documented approval system and established intervals for review and/or revision. A tracking system
should be developed to ensure the required reviews and revisions occur.
3-23


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