Hand Book Organization

DOE-HDBK-3010-94

1.0 Introduction

E arth q u ak e: Typically bounds other natural phenomena. Generates severe

lateral and vertical stresses upon the structure and equipment that may result in

confinement failure, breach, or collapse. The response of the materials-of-

construction may dislodge materials-of-concern by vibration, impact of debris,

and fragmentation. Seismic forces may cause material spills but do not

generate gas flow to transport particulate materials, although flows are

generated by falling debris or any fires/explosion caused by the seismic event.

The information presented in this document is directed toward evaluation of the radiological

consequences of these events and the suspension phenomena that they generate. Unless

otherwise noted, the release from material affected by multiple phenomena can be calculated

individually and summed to obtain the overall release.

1.5

H A N D B OO K O R G A N IZA T I ON

The evaluation of data is given by the physical form of the material affected (e.g., gas,

liquid, solid, surface contamination) and suspension stresses (e.g., spill, thermal stress, shock

wave, and blast stress) in chapters 2 through 5. Because of its unique nature, criticality is

treated as a phenomenon for all materials in chapter 6. Examples of application of the

release fraction recommendations are given in chapter 7.

Each chapter begins with a summary of the results of data analyses, which are followed by

discussions of specific data analyses in the remainder of the chapter. Bounding values for

parameters and, in some cases, median values derived from the data analyses are presented

in these summaries. As previously noted, where median values are presented, they are for

the purpose of providing perspective on the potential conservatism of the bounding values as

the available data do not generally support the derivation of data distributions. When using

these data, care must be taken to assure the experimental data are applicable to the situation

being analyzed. A summary table of the individual chapter summaries has not been provided

in this chapter due to the sheer amount and variety of information in this document. A

summary table is not considered an efficient vehicle for communication in a document of this

nature as it would be either too large and unwieldy to satisfy the purpose of a table or too

superficial to adequately represent the document.

Data tables in the body of individual chapters are summations from raw data, which is

typically provided in Appendix A. Original graphs are presented both in the chapters and in

Appendix A, while figures of experimental apparatus, where available, are presented

exclusively in Appendix A. Metric units are used in most instances, but some old documents

and figures cited are in English units. It is noted that many of the source reports used are

difficult to obtain, and copies available are old and fading. This significantly reduces the

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