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Page Title:
Appendix A Characteristics of Commonly Used Radionuclides Tritium (H-3) |
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|  DOE-HDBK-1106-97
Radiological Contamination Control Training
for Laboratory Research
Student's Guide
APPENDIX A
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMONLY USED RADIONUCLIDES
TRITIUM (H-3)
Tritium is a low-energy beta emitter and cannot be monitored directly with a thin-window G-M probe.
Monitoring is normally performed by taking a swipe of the area and counting the swipe in a liquid
scintillation counter.
1.
Maximum energy: 0.018 MeV (average energy is 0.006 MeV or about 1/3 the maximum
energy).
Maximum range in air: 1/4 inch (6 mm).
2.
Maximum range in water: 6 x 10-3 mm.
3.
4.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) toxicity classification: Low.
5.
Physical half-life (T1/2): 12.35 years.
6.
Effective half-life (Teff): 10 days (the time it takes for of the material to be eliminated
from the body by both biological processes and radioactive decay).
Critical organ: Whole body (the part of the body where the most limiting dose is
7.
delivered).
Personnel monitoring: Bioassay - urinanalysis, NOT detected with a dosimeter
8.
(thermoluminescent dosimeter or film).
Annual Limit of Intake (ALI):
9.
Tritiated water: 80 mCi (3 x 109 Bq) by inhalation or ingestion.
o
10.
Shielding: None (the low-energy beta is not very penetrating).
A-1
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