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|  DOE-HDBK-1106-97
Radiological Contamination Control Training
for Laboratory Research
Student's Guide
CARBON-14 (C-14)
Carbon-14 is a low-energy beta emitter (about 10 times more energetic than tritium). C-14 is not easily
detected with a hand-held survey instrument such as a thin-window G-M (the efficiency is ~ 10%).
Monitoring is normally performed by taking a swipe of the area and counting the swipe in a liquid
scintillation counter.
1.
Maximum energy: 0.156 MeV (the average energy is 0.052 MeV).
2.
Maximum range in air: 9 inches (24 cm).
3.
IAEA toxicity classification: Medium-low.
4.
Physical half-life: 5,730 years.
5.
Effective half-life (Teff): 12 days.
6.
Critical organ: Whole body and the body fat.
7.
Personnel monitoring: Bioassay - urinalysis and/or breath measurements (CO2), NOT
detected with a dosimeter (thermoluminescent dosimeter or film).
ALI:
8.
2 mCi (7 x 107 Bq) -labeled organic compounds by inhalation or ingestion.
o
2 Ci (7 x 1010 Bq) CO by inhalation.
o
200 mCi (7 x 109 Bq) CO2 by inhalation.
o
9.
Shielding: 3mm of plexiglass (if needed) - thicker plexiglass may be used for rigidity.
10.
Special Considerations:
o
Detection of C-14 by radiation survey instruments requires special care due to the low
efficiency of detection.
A-3
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