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DOE-HDBK-1130-98
Module 2 Biological Effects
Instructor's Notes
3)
Damage to chromosomes and other cell
structures can be repaired. In fact, our
bodies repair a very large number of
chromosome breaks every day (References
7 and 10).
c.
Cells are damaged and operate abnormally
1)
Cell damage may not be repaired or may be
incompletely repaired. In that case, the cell
may not be able to function properly.
2)
It is possible that a chromosome in the cell
nucleus could be damaged but not be
repaired correctly. If the cell continues to
reproduce, this is called a mutation and may
result in cancer.
d.
Cells die as a result of the damage
At any given moment, thousands of our cells die
and are replaced by normal functioning cells.
However, the radiation damage to a cell may be
so extensive that the cell dies prematurely.
C. Acute and Chronic Radiation Dose
Potential biological effects depend on how much and how
fast a radiation dose is received. Radiation doses can be
grouped into two categories: acute and chronic dose.
1.
Acute radiation doses
a.
High doses of radiation received in a short period
EO5 Define the terms "acute
of time are called acute doses. The body's cell
dose" and "chronic dose."
repair mechanisms are not as effective for
damage caused by an acute dose.
b.
After an acute dose to the whole body
25


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