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Possible effects of radiation on cells |
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|  DOE-HDBK-1130-98
Module 2 Biological Effects
Instructor's Notes
a.
Actively dividing and non-specialized cells
1)
Cells in our bodies that are actively dividing
are more sensitive to ionizing radiation.
2)
Cells that are rapidly dividing include blood-
forming cells, the cells that line our intestinal
tract, hair follicles, and cells that form
sperm.
b.
Less actively dividing and more specialized cells
Cells that divide at a slower rate or are more
specialized (such as brain cells or muscle cells)
are not as sensitive to damage by ionizing
radiation.
3.
Possible effects of radiation on cells
Several things can happen when a cell is exposed to
EO4 Identify the possible
ionizing radiation. The following are possible effects
effects of radiation on cells.
of radiation on cells.
a.
There is no damage
b.
Cells repair the damage and operate normally
1)
The body of most cells is made up primarily
of water. When ionizing radiation hits a cell,
it is most likely to interact with the water in
the cell. One of the byproducts of radiation-
induced ionization of water is hydrogen
peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide can damage
cell atomic structures.
2)
Ionizing radiation can also hit the nucleus of
the cell. The nucleus contains the vital parts
of the cell, such as chromosomes. The
chromosomes determine cell function.
When chromosomes duplicate themselves,
the chromosomes transfer their information
to new cells. Radiation may cause a change
in the chromosome that does not affect the
cell.
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