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|  DOE-HDBK-1130-98
Module 1: Radiological Fundamentals
Instructor's Notes
One curie equals:
C
2,200,000,000,000 disintegrations per
minute (2.2x1012 dpm), or
C
37,000,000,000 disintegrations per
second (3.7x1010 dps), or
C
1,000,000 microcuries (1x106 Ci).
4.
Radioactive half-life
EO2 Define radioactive
half-life.
Radioactive half-life is the time it takes for one half of the
radioactive atoms present to decay.
5.
Radioactive contamination
EO2 Define radioactive
contamination.
Radioactive contamination is radioactive material that is
uncontained and in an unwanted place. (There are certain
places where radioactive material is intended to be.)
Contamination is measured per unit area or volume.
EO3 Identify the units used
to measure radioactivity and
dpm/100 cm2
contamination.
Ci/ml
Ci/g.
6.
Ionization
Ionization is the process of removing electrons from
EO4 Define ionization.
neutral atoms.
a.
Electrons will be removed from an atom if enough
energy is supplied. The remaining atom has a positive
(+) charge. The ionized atoms may affect chemical
processes in cells. The ionizations may affect the
cell's ability to function normally.
b.
The positively charged atom and the negatively
charged electron are called an "ion pair."
c.
Ionization should not be confused with radiation. Ions
(or ion pairs) produced as a result of the interaction of
radiation with an atom allow the detection of radiation.
7
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