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|  DOE-HDBK-1130-98
Module 1: Radiological Fundamentals
Instructor's Notes
3.
Charge of the atom
Optional:
The number of electrons and protons determines the
Insert diagram that
overall electrical charge of the atom. The term "ion" is
illustrates the different
used to define atoms or groups of atoms that have a net
charges.
positive or negative electrical charge.
a.
No charge (neutral)
If the number of electrons equals the number of
protons, the atom is electrically neutral. This atom
does not have a net electrical charge.
b.
Positive charge (+)
If there are more protons than electrons, the atom is
positively charged.
c.
Negative charge (-)
If there are more electrons than protons, the atom is
negatively charged.
B. Definitions and Units of Measure
EO2 Define radioactive
material.
1.
Radioactive material is any material containing unstable
Give facility-specific
atoms that emit radiation.
examples of radioactive
isotopes at the site.
2.
Radioactivity
EO2 Define radioactivity.
Radioactivity is the process of unstable (or radioactive)
Give example of radioactive
atoms becoming stable. This is done by emitting radiation.
decay.
This process over a period of time is referred to as
radioactive decay. A disintegration is a single atom
undergoing radioactive decay.
3.
Radioactivity units
Radioactivity is measured in the number of disintegrations
EO3 Identify the units used
radioactive material undergoes in a certain period of time.
to measure radioactivity and
a. Disintegrations per minute (dpm)
b. Disintegrations per second (dps)
c. Curie (Ci)
6
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