Demonstration Step

DOE-STD-1012-92

Most skills lend themselves to a sequential pattern where the instructor explains the

skill in the same order in which it is performed. When the instructor can relate material to

what a trainee already knows, the known-to-unknown strategy may be used effectively.

When teaching more than one skill, the simple-to-complex strategy works well. By starting

with the simplest skill, trainees build confidence and are less likely to become frustrated

when faced with more complex skills. The instructor should not describe short cuts or

unapproved alternative methods of performing a task. The instructor shouldn't try to impress

the trainee with his/her knowledge, because performance-based training should be trainee

centered.

4.4 Demonstration Step

During the demonstration step the instructor shows and explains to the trainee how to

perform the task. The instructor may demonstrate the complete task and then expect the

trainee to perform it or they may do the demonstration and practice steps together on an

element-by-element-basis. A well written OJT guide should provide the necessary guidance

to the instructor regarding the most effective techniques to use.

It is important that the instructor demonstrate the skill correctly and safely the first

time. If the instructor demonstrates a skill incorrectly, the instructor's credibility is reduced

and the trainee will have to "unlearn" the incorrectly presented material before he/she can

learn it correctly. The instructor should stress safety and compliance with facility

procedures, and the best way to do this is by his/her own personal actions. Since the trainee

generally imitates the instructor's performance, the instructor should demonstrate the task

exactly the way the trainee should perform it. The instructor should ask the trainee frequent

questions and explain or demonstrate task elements again as necessary. The instructor

should proceed slowly and continue the demonstration only after it is clear that the trainee

understands.

4.5 Practice Under Supervision

The instructor should closely supervise the trainee's initial practice to ensure safe and

correct task performance. An effective method of conducting the practice step is to have the

trainee talk through the operation and demonstrate the main steps and key points of the task.

During the practice session, the instructor should ask the trainee questions as to what is being

done, why it is done, and what indications they are looking for. The trainee should practice

at his/her own pace without unnecessary interruption or too much instructor assistance. As

the trainee gains proficiency, the instructor should reduce or fade his/her coaching.

However, the instructor should never hesitate to stop the trainee if a mistake can be