Table I. Empirical formulas for local response evaluation of reinforced concrete targets (see Note 1).

DOE-STD-3014-96

TABLE I.* Empirical formulas for local response evaluation of reinforced

concrete targets (see Note 1).

RIGID

SOFT

(NONDEFORMABLE)

(DEFORMABLE)

DAMAGE MODE

MISSILE

(See Note 2)

Penetration (x)3

-Modified NDRC

50% of Rigid

Scabbing (ts)4

- Modified NDRC

60% of Rigid

- Bechtel

- Chang7

- Stone &

- CRIEPI

Webster

Perforation (tp)5

- Modified NDRC

70% of Rigid

- CEA - EDF

- Degen

- Chang7

- CRIEPI

Punching Shear6

- ACI7

- Long

NOTES:

For a typical example using these empirical formulas and a discussion of their relative merits, please refer to

Section 3 of the technical support document (Reference 1) and Table A-1 therein. These formulas are not

applicable to unreinforced concrete or masonry structures.

The reduction factors for deformable missiles acknowledge the fact that they produce relatively less local

damage, and the impact forces do not exceed the crushing strength of these missiles. They are based on

recent aircraft engine missile tests and comparison of various empirical formulas and their agreement with the

actual test results, as reported by Sugano (Reference 5).

Penetration (x) is computed to determine t s and tp (Modified NDRC and Degen formulas only).

To prevent scabbing, minimum required thickness t

should be > 1.1 ts.

To prevent perforation, minimum required thickness t

should be > 1.2 tp.

Punching shear considerations for small nondeformable missiles are implicit in the formulas for penetration and

perforation.

Recommended formula (see Section 6.3.2.1). References for all other formulas are given in Appendix C.

*All of the formulas presented in this table are based on data for lightly reinforced (0.3 percent - 1.5 percent each way)

concrete targets. Application to heavily reinforced targets would give a conservative estimate of local response.