Limit Radiation Exposures to the Workers

DOE-STD-6002-96

design features. The level of protection required depends on the level of risk from the hazard

present in the specific facility.

3.2.1 Limit Radiation Exposures to the Workers

Fusion facilities shall be designed to limit radiation exposures to the workers during

normal operations below the limits prescribed in 10 CFR 20 or 10 CFR 835, Occupational

Radiation Protection [50 mSv/yr (5 rem/yr)]. Fusion facilities shall have adequate shielding to

limit radiation levels in operating areas. Special consideration shall be included in the design to

limit worker doses due to the inhalation and absorption of tritium. The ALARA principle shall be

used in developing worker radiological exposure limits for the facility.

3.2.2 Limit Electromagnetic Field Exposures

Fusion facilities shall be designed to limit electromagnetic field exposures to workers

during routine operations. The limits for occupational exposures to steady-state and low-

frequency magnetic fields shall be those established by the American Conference of

Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).1

3.2.3 Control of Other Industrial Hazards

Fusion facilities shall comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(29 CFR 1910, 1926) to control the industrial hazards and hazardous materials present in the

facility.

4. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES

The safety and environmental principles set forth in this section constitute a framework

within which worker and public safety is assured and facility risks are limited. Application of

these principles shall be commensurate with the magnitude of the hazards of the facility.

4.1 Defense-in-Depth

The design process for fusion facilities shall incorporate the defense-in-depth concept

such that multiple levels of protection are provided against the release of radioactive and haz -

ardous material. The level of protection needed is a function of the risk to the workers, the

public, and the environment. Aspects of the defense-in-depth concept that may be applicable to

fusion facilities include the following:

a. the selection of materials and other design processes to reduce radiological and

hazardous materials inventories;

1For further information, see "Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and

Biological Exposure Indices," published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,

6500 Glenway Ave., Bldg. D-7, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211-4438, latest revision. See also "Documentation of the

Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices," published by the ACGIH, latest revision.