Program Management for Safety

DOE-STD-6003-96

4. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FOR SAFETY

Appropriate management practices and controls should be integrated into the fusion pro-

ject life cycle to ensure safety. This integration function is key to ensuring that safety is "built-in"

to the fusion facility life cycle process rather than an "add-on," which is typically expensive and

less effective. Related to this goal is the concept of making safety achievement a function of line

management with criteria and hardware related to safety incorporated at the lowest practical

level of the work breakdown structure. This section provides guidance on management-related

areas needed to integrate safety into the fusion facility life cycle. Program management includes

controlling the configuration of the facility and the documentation of that configuration so that

operation within the authorized safety envelope can be demonstrated. In addition, this section

presents tools (processes, systems, and controls) that can be used by program management to

implement safety effectively. As used in this section, the facility life cycle includes design and

construction, operations, and site restoration. Different organizations may be responsible for the

various life cycle phases of the facility. Each organization must be aware of the need of the

other organization and incorporate these needs in a safe and controlled manner.

4.1 Design and Construction Management

From project inception appropriate controls should be integrated into project execution to

ensure that intended safety features are incorporated into the fusion facility. Safety should be

integrated into project activities, including initial mission and performance criteria definition,

design, and construction. A specific responsibility of project management is to ensure that this

integration of safety with other project activities or disciplines takes place and to hold project line

management accountable for each aspect of their assigned systems, including safety perfor-

mance. The basic facility mission requirements, including protection of the facility workers and

the public as well as minimization of the impact to the environment, should be established

before design commences. For example, the no-public-evacuation requirement in DOE-STD-

6002-96 should be a strong driver in fusion device size (power) and materials selection to

ensure that the potentially releasable in-vessel tritium and hazardous material inventories are

consistent with the no-evacuation requirement for the chosen site.

Safety assessment (Chapter 5) and design (Chapter 6) are complementary activities that

should be performed iteratively throughout the design process to ensure that safety require-

ments are adequately incorporated into the design. Achievement of safety criteria and goals at

an individual system level should be a documented part of conceptual, preliminary, and final

design and should be evaluated as part of the formal design review process. Additionally, a sys-

tems integration approach should be used to evaluate interactions between individual systems

including common-mode failures to ensure that safety goals are met globally.

The project manager's responsibilities include developing systems, processes, and orga-

nizational structures that will facilitate safety during design and construction. The project man-

ager should consider an organizational structure that will allow the safety and design profes-

sionals to work as a team and that will make line management responsible for both safety and

performance requirements for each system. Furthermore, there will be cases where safety