Observation. - std55050029

DOE-EM-STD-5505-96

5.8 Assessment Techniques In order to identify and validate deviations from requirements and

determine if programmatic breakdowns or widespread problems exist, an assessor must develop

leads through the use of observations, interviews, and document reviews and pursue leads to

obtain more detailed information. The use of these techniques is described in the following

sections.

5.8.1 Observation. Observation is usually the most effective technique used during an

operations assessment. Observing activities as they are performed provides information directly

related to the effectiveness of operations. Observations should be combined with interviews and

document reviews to paint an accurate picture of activity operations.

5.8.1.1 What to Observe. In planning for the assessment, determine what initial observations

should be conducted for each area of responsibility. Some activities that can be observed include:

Management control, communication, and command;

Personnel using procedures;

Personnel following rules, obeying signs, using safety equipment;

Operators performing inspection tours;

Control area activities including response to indications, access control, monitoring of control

panels, control of routine operations and special activities;

Testing of emergency communication systems and the use of communications equipment such

as radios;

On-shift training during routine operations, special activities, and drills;

Authorization, placement, verification, and removal of lockouts and tagouts during

maintenance operations;

Independent verification of component and system alignment before start up or testing

activities;